from __future__ import print_function, division

from functools import reduce
from operator import mul

from sympy.core import Mul, Basic, sympify, Add
from sympy.functions import transpose, adjoint
from sympy.matrices.expressions.transpose import transpose
from sympy.strategies import (rm_id, unpack, typed, debug, flatten, exhaust,
        do_one, new)
from sympy.matrices.expressions.matexpr import (MatrixExpr, ShapeError,
        Identity, ZeroMatrix)
from sympy.utilities import sift
from sympy.matrices.matrices import MatrixBase


class MatMul(MatrixExpr):
    """
    A product of matrix expressions

    Examples
    ========

    >>> from sympy import MatMul, MatrixSymbol
    >>> A = MatrixSymbol('A', 5, 4)
    >>> B = MatrixSymbol('B', 4, 3)
    >>> C = MatrixSymbol('C', 3, 6)
    >>> MatMul(A, B, C)
    A*B*C
    """
    is_MatMul = True

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        check = kwargs.get('check', True)

        args = list(map(sympify, args))
        obj = Basic.__new__(cls, *args)
        factor, matrices = obj.as_coeff_matrices()
        if check:
            validate(*matrices)
        return obj

    @property
    def shape(self):
        matrices = [arg for arg in self.args if arg.is_Matrix]
        return (matrices[0].rows, matrices[-1].cols)

    def _entry(self, i, j, expand=True):
        coeff, matrices = self.as_coeff_matrices()

        if len(matrices) == 1:  # situation like 2*X, matmul is just X
            return coeff * matrices[0][i, j]

        head, tail = matrices[0], matrices[1:]
        if len(tail) == 0:
            raise ValueError("lenth of tail cannot be 0")
        X = head
        Y = MatMul(*tail)

        from sympy.core.symbol import Dummy
        from sympy.concrete.summations import Sum
        from sympy.matrices import ImmutableMatrix, MatrixBase
        k = Dummy('k', integer=True)
        if X.has(ImmutableMatrix) or Y.has(ImmutableMatrix):
            return coeff*Add(*[X[i, k]*Y[k, j] for k in range(X.cols)])
        result = Sum(coeff*X[i, k]*Y[k, j], (k, 0, X.cols - 1))
        return result.doit() if expand else result

    def as_coeff_matrices(self):
        scalars = [x for x in self.args if not x.is_Matrix]
        matrices = [x for x in self.args if x.is_Matrix]
        coeff = Mul(*scalars)

        return coeff, matrices

    def as_coeff_mmul(self):
        coeff, matrices = self.as_coeff_matrices()
        return coeff, MatMul(*matrices)

    def _eval_transpose(self):
        return MatMul(*[transpose(arg) for arg in self.args[::-1]]).doit()

    def _eval_adjoint(self):
        return MatMul(*[adjoint(arg) for arg in self.args[::-1]]).doit()

    def _eval_trace(self):
        factor, mmul = self.as_coeff_mmul()
        if factor != 1:
            from .trace import Trace
            return factor * Trace(mmul)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError("Can't simplify any further")

    def _eval_determinant(self):
        from sympy.matrices.expressions.determinant import Determinant
        factor, matrices = self.as_coeff_matrices()
        square_matrices = only_squares(*matrices)
        return factor**self.rows * Mul(*list(map(Determinant, square_matrices)))

    def _eval_inverse(self):
        try:
            return MatMul(*[
                arg.inverse() if isinstance(arg, MatrixExpr) else arg**-1
                    for arg in self.args[::-1]]).doit()
        except ShapeError:
            from sympy.matrices.expressions.inverse import Inverse
            return Inverse(self)

    def doit(self, **kwargs):
        deep = kwargs.get('deep', False)
        if deep:
            args = [arg.doit(**kwargs) for arg in self.args]
        else:
            args = self.args
        return canonicalize(MatMul(*args))

def validate(*matrices):
    """ Checks for valid shapes for args of MatMul """
    for i in range(len(matrices)-1):
        A, B = matrices[i:i+2]
        if A.cols != B.rows:
            raise ShapeError("Matrices %s and %s are not aligned"%(A, B))

# Rules


def newmul(*args):
    if args[0] == 1:
        args = args[1:]
    return new(MatMul, *args)

def any_zeros(mul):
    if any([arg.is_zero or (arg.is_Matrix and arg.is_ZeroMatrix)
                       for arg in mul.args]):
        matrices = [arg for arg in mul.args if arg.is_Matrix]
        return ZeroMatrix(matrices[0].rows, matrices[-1].cols)
    return mul

def merge_explicit(matmul):
    """ Merge explicit MatrixBase arguments

    >>> from sympy import MatrixSymbol, eye, Matrix, MatMul, pprint
    >>> from sympy.matrices.expressions.matmul import merge_explicit
    >>> A = MatrixSymbol('A', 2, 2)
    >>> B = Matrix([[1, 1], [1, 1]])
    >>> C = Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
    >>> X = MatMul(A, B, C)
    >>> pprint(X)
    A*[1  1]*[1  2]
      [    ] [    ]
      [1  1] [3  4]
    >>> pprint(merge_explicit(X))
    A*[4  6]
      [    ]
      [4  6]

    >>> X = MatMul(B, A, C)
    >>> pprint(X)
    [1  1]*A*[1  2]
    [    ]   [    ]
    [1  1]   [3  4]
    >>> pprint(merge_explicit(X))
    [1  1]*A*[1  2]
    [    ]   [    ]
    [1  1]   [3  4]
    """
    if not any(isinstance(arg, MatrixBase) for arg in matmul.args):
        return matmul
    newargs = []
    last = matmul.args[0]
    for arg in matmul.args[1:]:
        if isinstance(arg, MatrixBase) and isinstance(last, MatrixBase):
            last = last * arg
        else:
            newargs.append(last)
            last = arg
    newargs.append(last)

    return MatMul(*newargs)

def xxinv(mul):
    """ Y * X * X.I -> Y """
    from sympy.matrices.expressions import Inverse
    factor, matrices = mul.as_coeff_matrices()
    for i, (X, Y) in enumerate(zip(matrices[:-1], matrices[1:])):
        try:
            if X.is_square and Y.is_square and X == Y.inverse():
                I = Identity(X.rows)
                return newmul(factor, *(matrices[:i] + [I] + matrices[i+2:]))
        except ValueError:  # Y might not be invertible
            pass

    return mul

def remove_ids(mul):
    """ Remove Identities from a MatMul

    This is a modified version of sympy.strategies.rm_id.
    This is necesssary because MatMul may contain both MatrixExprs and Exprs
    as args.

    See Also
    --------
        sympy.strategies.rm_id
    """
    # Separate Exprs from MatrixExprs in args
    factor, mmul = mul.as_coeff_mmul()
    # Apply standard rm_id for MatMuls
    result = rm_id(lambda x: x.is_Identity is True)(mmul)
    if result != mmul:
        return newmul(factor, *result.args)  # Recombine and return
    else:
        return mul

def factor_in_front(mul):
    factor, matrices = mul.as_coeff_matrices()
    if factor != 1:
        return newmul(factor, *matrices)
    return mul

rules = (any_zeros, remove_ids, xxinv, unpack, rm_id(lambda x: x == 1),
         merge_explicit, factor_in_front, flatten)

canonicalize = exhaust(typed({MatMul: do_one(*rules)}))

def only_squares(*matrices):
    """ factor matrices only if they are square """
    if matrices[0].rows != matrices[-1].cols:
        raise RuntimeError("Invalid matrices being multiplied")
    out = []
    start = 0
    for i, M in enumerate(matrices):
        if M.cols == matrices[start].rows:
            out.append(MatMul(*matrices[start:i+1]).doit())
            start = i+1
    return out


from sympy.assumptions.ask import ask, Q
from sympy.assumptions.refine import handlers_dict


def refine_MatMul(expr, assumptions):
    """
    >>> from sympy import MatrixSymbol, Q, assuming, refine
    >>> X = MatrixSymbol('X', 2, 2)
    >>> expr = X * X.T
    >>> print(expr)
    X*X'
    >>> with assuming(Q.orthogonal(X)):
    ...     print(refine(expr))
    I
    """
    newargs = []
    last = expr.args[0]
    for arg in expr.args[1:]:
        if arg == last.T and ask(Q.orthogonal(arg), assumptions):
            last = Identity(arg.shape[0])
        elif arg == last.conjugate() and ask(Q.unitary(arg), assumptions):
            last = Identity(arg.shape[0])
        else:
            newargs.append(last)
            last = arg
    newargs.append(last)

    return MatMul(*newargs)


handlers_dict['MatMul'] = refine_MatMul
