Chapter 14
Question 1
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The knowledge gap refers to the process whereby those with a good (1) ______ and high (2) ______ acquire knowledge faster than those with poorer (3) ______ and lower (4) ______.
Memory | education | teacher |
Opinion of themselves | status | intelligence |
Land | newspapers | education |
hearing | Calories | status |
rationality |
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Correct Answer: See page 302.
Question 2
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The four main schools of thought about media effects are (1) ______, (2) ______, (3) ______, and (4) ______.
media bias theory | reinforcement theory | knowledge gap theory |
agenda setting theory | videomalaise theory | quantum effect theory |
Priming and framing theory | pluralist theory | nondecision-making theory |
Direct effects | elite theory | rational choice theory |
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Correct Answer: See page 304.
Question 3
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Reinforcement theory argues that individual (1) ______, on the one hand, and (2) ______ sovereignty, on the other, render the media all but (3) ______ to influence mass political (4) ______.
Income | intelligence | psychology |
State | consumer | local |
Powerless | penniless | hegemonic |
Outcomes | opinion | hysteria |
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Correct Answer: See page 305.
Question 4
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Agenda setting theory claims that the media cannot determine (1) ______, but they can strongly influence (2) ______.
read and see | what we think |
our attitudes and opinions | the content of the media |
what we think about | mass attitudes |
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Correct Answer: See page 305.
Question 5
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Commercial TV is legally required to be (1) ______ ______ and (2) ______ (particularly in its handling of (3) ______ campaigns), and the (4) ______ follows the same code of conduct (5) ______. As a result a large majority of viewers (more than two-thirds) (6) ______ both the BBC and ITV news.
committed | engaged | politically neutral |
balanced | generous | economical |
election | publicity | health |
radio | newspapers | BBC |
voluntarily | reluctantly | occasionally |
watch | trust | avoid |
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Correct Answer: See page 311.
Question 6
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Spectrum scarcity meant that the (1) ______ were regarded as a (2) ______ good, and closely regulated by the (3) ______ in the (4) ______ interest.
Papers | airwaves | media |
Private | financial | public |
State | market | government |
Market | public |
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Correct Answer: See page 315.
Question 7
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The public service model is the idea that (1) ______ and (2) ______ should not be commercial but used in the public interest to (3) ______, (4) ______ and (5) ______.
Newspapers | the media business | radio |
ITV | TV | TV advertisements |
Educate | equalise | hold accountable |
Involve | nurture | inform |
Entertain | teach | self-actualise |
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Correct Answer: See page 316.
Question 8
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The history of the mass media in the twentieth century is marked by five related features, (1) ______, (2) ______, (3) ______, (4) ______, and (5) ______.
Nationalism | nationalisation | newsworthyness |
Increasing newspaper sales | more newspaper tiles | declining number of newspaper titles |
Concentration of news | concentrated attention on politics | concentration of ownership and control |
Multi-media conglomerates | multi-media outlets | multi-media DVDs |
Inter-mediated influences | international control | internationalisation |
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Correct Answer: See page 318.
Question 9
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
As ownership and control of the mass media has become increasingly consolidated and centralised, so the mass media become increasingly (1) ______. At the same time technology also makes it possible for the smaller media to become increasingly (2) ______ and (3) ______.
Expensive | homogeneous |
competitive | profitable |
Mass market | specialised |
sensational | Varied |
uniform | powerful |
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Correct Answer: See page 322.
Question 10
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Most research on e-government and politics concludes that we are destined neither for (1) ______ ______ nor (2) ______, at present anyway. For the most part it is (3) ______ ______ ______. Few (4) ______ or government (5) ______ have exploited the (6) ______ potential of the new electronic media.
digital utopia | digital voting | digital parliament |
anarchy | dystopia | chaos |
impossible to know | unlikely to happen | business as usual |
parties | politicians | candidates |
ministers | quangos | departments |
interactive | exaggerated | dangerous |
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Correct Answer: See page 325.