Chapter 16

Question 1

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

Democratic parties are (1) ______ of (generally!) like-minded people who, by means of (2) ______ compete for (3) ______ to further their (4) ______.

Associations primary groups classes
Economic competition popular election status
power State power authority
income Economic interests common goals
amusement
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Correct Answer: See page 363.

Question 2

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

Unlike the two other main parties, the Labour Party was not formed by existing (1) ______ seeking a mass base, but by mass movements, primarily the (2) ______, seeking (3) ______ to obtain greater recognition of their (4) ______ and (5) ______.

Parliamentarians pressure groups social movements
Interest groups trade unions religious forces
Parliamentary representation economic power votes
Rights privileges profits
Revolutionary goals limited social reforms devolution
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Correct Answer: See page 365.

Question 3

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

The social democratic consensus of 19 (1) ______ – 19 (2) ______ consisted of general agreement on: acceptance of (3) ______ and National Health Service; a mixed (4) ______; the powers of the main (5) ______. (particularly finance, business, and trade unions); Keynsian (6) ______ policy; managed withdrawal from the (7) ______; and support for (8) ______.

1950-1979 1979-1997 1905-1939
The welfare state private pensions privatisation
Society economy message
Political parties pressure groups news media
Business economic democratic
Colonies European Union regions
Electoral reform open government NATO
the Empire
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Correct Answer: See page 367.

Question 4

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

In 1911 the German sociologist Robert Michels published (1) ______ in which he formulated the famous 'iron law of (2) ______'. This states that mass organisations, by their very nature, cannot be (3) ______ but will always be controlled by (4) ______.

The Protestant Ethic Political Parties Political Organisation
Democracy freedom secrecy
politics oligarchy Popular
powerful democratic hierarchical
An oligarch the government a small elite
the rich
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Correct Answer: See page 375.

Question 5

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

The leader of the Conservative Party has enormous powers over (1) ______ and (2) ______ ______. Indeed the leader is the only person with formal responsibility for (3) ______. The leader of the Labour Party, by contrast, has (4) ______ ______.

policy Eton publicity
the Lords public schools senior appointments
announcements policy conferences
no responsibilities no policies fewer powers
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Correct Answer: See page 377.

Question 6

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

Both the Conservative Part and Labour Party underwent ideological reconstruction in the 1980s and have emerged sharing a (1) ______ consensus, that has replaced the earlier (2) ______ one. The key elements of the neo-liberal consensus are: (3) ______, (4) ______, (5) ______, (6) ______ and (7) ______.

Keynsian ‘neo-liberal’
monetarist Socialist
statist liberal
‘social-democratic’ A mixed economy
a socialist economy a privately owned economy
Pluralism insider status for business groups
acceptance of the present powers of pressure groups High public investment
low inflation income redistribution
Ceilings for state expenditure eradicating poverty
maximum spending on education Support for the EU
joining the Euro support for NATO and the USA
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Correct Answer: See page 376.

Question 7

Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.

Textbooks conventionally depict political parties as disciplined armies moving in perfect order on the political battleground. Reality could hardly be more different. As with all voluntary organisations, people join with (1) ______ objectives and protest or quit if they are not met. Parties have an inner life, marked by (2) ______, personal rivalries, and tensions between the (3) ______ and the (4) ______. All parties are (5) ______.

Much the same identical dissimilar
totally different Consensus ideological divisions
apathy Media leadership
ministries government Rank and file
opposition foreign states EU
Integrated consensual uneasy coalitions
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Correct Answer: See page 384.