Chapter 16
Question 1
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Democratic parties are (1) ______ of (generally!) like-minded people who, by means of (2) ______ compete for (3) ______ to further their (4) ______.
Associations | primary groups | classes |
Economic competition | popular election | status |
power | State power | authority |
income | Economic interests | common goals |
amusement |
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Correct Answer: See page 363.
Question 2
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Unlike the two other main parties, the Labour Party was not formed by existing (1) ______ seeking a mass base, but by mass movements, primarily the (2) ______, seeking (3) ______ to obtain greater recognition of their (4) ______ and (5) ______.
Parliamentarians | pressure groups | social movements |
Interest groups | trade unions | religious forces |
Parliamentary representation | economic power | votes |
Rights | privileges | profits |
Revolutionary goals | limited social reforms | devolution |
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Correct Answer: See page 365.
Question 3
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The social democratic consensus of 19 (1) ______ 19 (2) ______ consisted of general agreement on: acceptance of (3) ______ and National Health Service; a mixed (4) ______; the powers of the main (5) ______. (particularly finance, business, and trade unions); Keynsian (6) ______ policy; managed withdrawal from the (7) ______; and support for (8) ______.
1950-1979 | 1979-1997 | 1905-1939 |
The welfare state | private pensions | privatisation |
Society | economy | message |
Political parties | pressure groups | news media |
Business | economic | democratic |
Colonies | European Union | regions |
Electoral reform | open government | NATO |
the Empire |
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Correct Answer: See page 367.
Question 4
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
In 1911 the German sociologist Robert Michels published (1) ______ in which he formulated the famous 'iron law of (2) ______'. This states that mass organisations, by their very nature, cannot be (3) ______ but will always be controlled by (4) ______.
The Protestant Ethic | Political Parties | Political Organisation |
Democracy | freedom | secrecy |
politics | oligarchy | Popular |
powerful | democratic | hierarchical |
An oligarch | the government | a small elite |
the rich |
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Correct Answer: See page 375.
Question 5
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
The leader of the Conservative Party has enormous powers over (1) ______ and (2) ______ ______. Indeed the leader is the only person with formal responsibility for (3) ______. The leader of the Labour Party, by contrast, has (4) ______ ______.
policy | Eton | publicity |
the Lords | public schools | senior appointments |
announcements | policy | conferences |
no responsibilities | no policies | fewer powers |
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Correct Answer: See page 377.
Question 6
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Both the Conservative Part and Labour Party underwent ideological reconstruction in the 1980s and have emerged sharing a (1) ______ consensus, that has replaced the earlier (2) ______ one. The key elements of the neo-liberal consensus are: (3) ______, (4) ______, (5) ______, (6) ______ and (7) ______.
Keynsian | ‘neo-liberal’ |
monetarist | Socialist |
statist | liberal |
‘social-democratic’ | A mixed economy |
a socialist economy | a privately owned economy |
Pluralism | insider status for business groups |
acceptance of the present powers of pressure groups | High public investment |
low inflation | income redistribution |
Ceilings for state expenditure | eradicating poverty |
maximum spending on education | Support for the EU |
joining the Euro | support for NATO and the USA |
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Correct Answer: See page 376.
Question 7
Read the following text and then type the missing words (numbering your answers as appropriate) using the words in the table below the text.
Textbooks conventionally depict political parties as disciplined armies moving in perfect order on the political battleground. Reality could hardly be more different. As with all voluntary organisations, people join with (1) ______ objectives and protest or quit if they are not met. Parties have an inner life, marked by (2) ______, personal rivalries, and tensions between the (3) ______ and the (4) ______. All parties are (5) ______.
Much the same | identical | dissimilar |
totally different | Consensus | ideological divisions |
apathy | Media | leadership |
ministries | government | Rank and file |
opposition | foreign states | EU |
Integrated | consensual | uneasy coalitions |
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Correct Answer: See page 384.