Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province Notification of Intent to Develop Project Number: BVG4880 Prepared for: Blyvoor Gold Capital (Pty) Ltd October 2018 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd Co. Reg. No. 2010/008577/07. Turnberry Office Park, 48 Grosvenor Road, Bryanston, 2191. Private Bag X10046, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Tel: +27 11 789 9495, Fax: +27 11 069 6801, info@digbywells.com, www.digbywells.com _______________________________________________________________________________________ Directors: GE Trusler (C.E.O), GB Beringer, LF Koeslag, J Leaver (Chairman)*, NA Mehlomakulu*, DJ Otto, RA Williams* *Non-Executive _______________________________________________________________________________________ This document has been prepared by Digby Wells Environmental. Report Type: Notification of Intent to Develop Project Name: Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province Project Code: BVG4880 Name Responsibility Signature Date Shannon Hardwick Assistant Heritage Resources Management: Consultant NID Compilation; October 2018 Site Visit ASAPA Member: 451 Marion Bamford Palaeobotanist, Director Evolutionary Studies Institute Palaeontology Review September 18 Technical Review October 2018 Justin du Piesanie Divisional Manager : Social and Heritage Services ASAPA Member 270 This report is provided solely for the purposes set out in it and may not, in whole or in part, be used for any other purpose without Digby Wells Environmental prior written consent. Digby Wells Environmental i Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 Project Details ................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Project Location....................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Project Background ................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Project Description .................................................................................................. 3 2.3.1 Underground operations ................................................................................... 4 2.3.2 Surface operations ........................................................................................... 5 2.4 3 Definition of the study areas .................................................................................... 6 Baseline Description ......................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Pre-Disturbance Survey ........................................................................................ 19 4 Assessment Process....................................................................................................... 22 4.1 EIA Regulations Listed Activities ........................................................................... 22 4.2 NHRA Section 38(1) Activities ............................................................................... 23 4.3 Identified or known heritage resources and potential impacts ................................ 23 5 Illustrative Material .......................................................................................................... 25 6 Recommendation ............................................................................................................ 27 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Heritage resources identified within the WRDM ................................................ 10 Figure 5-1: Photographs illustrating the current environment A.) Environment at the site of the No. 5 shaft metallurgical plant; B-D.) Conditions above area to be undermined ............ 25 Figure 5-2: Historical Imagery of the site-specific study area............................................... 26 Digby Wells Environmental ii Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Project location details ......................................................................................... 2 Table 2-2: Landowner details ................................................................................................ 2 Table 3-1: Archaeological periods in South Africa (adapted from Esterhuysen & Smith, 2007) ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Table 3-2: Geology and palaeontological sensitivities for the regional study area ............... 12 Table 3-3: References for Aerial Photography .................................................................... 19 Table 4-1: Current Assessment Processes ......................................................................... 22 Table 4-2: Identified Listed Activities ................................................................................... 22 Table 4-3: NHRA Section 38 triggers .................................................................................. 23 Table 4-4: Identified heritage resources in terms of Section 3 of the NHRA ........................ 23 Table 6-1: Specialist heritage recommendations ................................................................. 27 LIST OF PLANS Plan 1: Regional and local setting ......................................................................................... 7 Plan 2: Infrastructure Plan ..................................................................................................... 8 Plan 3: Heritage Pre-Disturbance Survey ............................................................................ 20 Plan 4: Properties including identified heritage resources ................................................... 21 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Specialist CV Digby Wells Environmental iii Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 1 Introduction Blyvoor Gold Capital (Pty) Ltd (hereinafter Blyvoor Gold) acquired the Mining Right (MR) (MR143GP) for the former Blyvooruitzicht operations through a transfer in terms of Section 11 of the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No. 28 of 2002) (MPRDA). Blyvoor Gold intends to return these operations to production as the Blyvoor Gold Mine (“the Project”) and as such requires Environmental Authorisation (EA) to comply with the national South African legislative framework. To achieve this, Blyvoor Gold must bring existing documentation relating to the former Blyvooruitzicht operations in line with the requirements encapsulated in: ■ The National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No 107 of 1998) (NEMA); ■ The NEMA Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (Government Notice Regulations [GN R] 982 as amended by GN R 326); and ■ National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004) (NEM:AQA). To this effect, Blyvoor Gold appointed Digby Wells Environmental (hereinafter Digby Wells) to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process and Air Emission Licence (AEL) application in support of the required EA. Digby Wells submitted the Scoping Report to the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), which was subsequently accepted1 with the condition certain specialist studies be undertaken to update the baseline and impact assessments included in the current and historical Environmental Management Plans (EMPs). The required specialist studies included a Heritage Resources Management (HRM) process to comply with Section 38 of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) (NHRA). This document serves as the Notification of Intent to Develop (NID) to comply with Section 38(1) of the NHRA. 2 2.1 Project Details Project Location The Blyvoor Gold Mine is the most westerly along the West Wits Line. The Project is located approximately 6 km from Carletonville (refer to Plan 1). This area falls within the jurisdiction of the Merafong City Local Municipality (MCLM) within the West Rand District Municipality (WRDM) in Gauteng. Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 present a summary of the details of the Project location and the relevant landowners respectively. 1 Dated 12 March 2018, accepted 27 March 2018 Digby Wells Environmental 1 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Table 2-1: Project location details Name of property/ies Blyvoor Gold Mining Right (MR143GP) Street address or location (e.g.: Off R44) No. 5 Shaft, unnamed road. Erf or farm number/s South of the R501 and south-west of Carletonville. North of Fochville. Blyvooruitzicht 116 IQ, Portion 10 (Surface Reclamation Metallurgical Plant) Doornfontein 118 IQ, Portion 24 (Underground Metallurgical Plant) Coordinates of approximate centre of project area Town or District Responsible Municipality 26°25’36.12” S 27°30’30.20”E Carletonville Oberholzer Magisterial District MCLM WRDM Maximum extent of proposed development Approximately 32 hectares (ha) for both plants. Current use Mining Predominant land use/s of surrounding properties Mining, agriculture, urban. Refurbishment of mining-related infrastructure to cover 510 ha. Table 2-2: Landowner details Name Blyvoor Gold 2.2 Property Notified Blyvooruitzicht 116 IQ, Portion 10 N/A Doornfontein 118 IQ, Remaining Extent (RE) of Portion 24 N/A Project Background Exploration activities at the Blyvooruitzicht operations began in the 1930s. The Blyvooruitzicht Gold Mining Company Limited (BGMC) was owned and managed by DRD Gold Limited (DRD Gold) and later by Village Main Reef Limited (VMR). Mining activities continued until 2013, when the BGMC was placed in liquidation. The mine premises and the plant were subsequently inundated by illegal artisanal miners (known colloquially as ‘zamazamas’). Much of the operation infrastructure, including the residential village and plant, was damaged during these events, as structures were vandalised and the electrical infrastructure Digby Wells Environmental 2 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 was stripped and stolen for re-sale as scrap. The subsequent non-utilisation of the installed infrastructure has resulted in additional degradation to the infrastructure. Blyvoor Gold acquired the full MR relevant to the former Blyvooruitzicht operations in 2016 but not did purchase all the assets associated with MR143GP. Blyvoor Gold2 purchased the underground operations and the surface infrastructure associated with these operations. Blyvoor Gold Operations (Pty) Ltd acquired the assets associated with the surface operations and Blyvoor Gold Capital (Pty) Ltd acquired the assets associated with the underground operations. In combination, these assets comprise the Blyvoor Gold Mine and are shown in Plan 2. The assets include: ■ The BGMC No. 5 Shaft Complex; ■ The BGMC Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) Blyvoor No. 1, 6 and 7; and ■ Doornfontein TSFs No. 1, 2 and 3. Blyvoor Gold has recently completed the purchase process for Blyvoor TSFs 4 and 5, bringing the total number of TSFs in Blyvoor Gold’s ownership to eight. Although they fall outside the MR143GP boundary, the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) considered these TSFs as Blyvoor Gold’s liability, as they were part of the Blyvooruitzicht mine. Blyvoor TSFs 4 and 5 are considered Blyvoor Gold’s assets. The No. 5 Shaft itself provides access to the Carbon Leader and the Middelvlei reefs. These economic horizons occur within the Johannesburg Subgroup within the Central Rand Group of the Witwatersrand Supergroup (refer to Section 3). The sinking of No. 5 Shaft (formerly Doornfontein No. 3 Shaft) took place between February 1980 and October 1984. The shaft was operational in 1985 and the complex was completed in 1987. The ‘orphan infrastructure3’ includes Shaft No. 4 and Shaft No. 64, Waste Rock Dumps5 and the surrounding villages which historically provided housing for the employees of the mine. 2.3 Project Description The estimated LOM for the Blyvoor Gold Mine underground operations currently exceeds 30 years and Blyvoor Gold has an operational strategic plan for the first 15 years. Blyvoor Gold intends to recover gold through the existing metallurgical plant constructed at The No. 5 Shaft Complex. Additionally, Blyvoor Gold intends to re-treat the existing TSFs, which will be staggered throughout the LOM. 2 Blyvoor Gold (Pty) Ltd is the umbrella company for two separate companies, namely Blyvoor Gold Capital (Pty) Ltd and Blyvoor Gold Operations (Pty) Ltd. ‘Blyvoor Gold’ in this document refers to Blyvoor Gold Capital (Pty) Ltd, as per Section 1. 3 Defined as infrastructure that was considered part of the Blyvooruitzicht operations but which is not the property of Blyvoor Gold 4 A separate company is operating these shafts to pump water out from the underwater workings and no mining is occurring at these shafts at present. 5 These are being processed by third parties Digby Wells Environmental 3 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Much of the Project will be characterised by refurbishment and repair work to return the mine to operation. Wherever possible, the required infrastructure will be installed or constructed within existing footprints. 2.3.1 Underground operations The underground Project will require the recommissioning of shaft facilities, ventilation fans, compressors and offices at No. 5 Shaft and the surface complex. No. 5 Shaft provides access to the existing underground network of tunnels and stopes. Ore will be excavated in the stoped areas, beginning in the shallower reaches of the deposit above 29-Level. The current water level occurs at 30-Level. The production levels above 30-Level are accessible and will allow for an estimated minimum nine years of mining. Blyvoor Gold plans to implement a dewatering programme for 30-Level and below from the ninth year of mining. The waste rock will be deposited at the existing Waste Rock Dump (WRD) and the gold ore will be transported to the surface to be crushed and screened at the No. 5 Shaft Treatment Plant. The ore will be hoisted up the existing No. 5 Shaft infrastructure, discharged into the existing ore bins in the shaft headgear and then loaded onto the existing Conveyor 1. This conveyor will deposit the ore into Coarse ore Silo. Ore is drawn out of the Silo by an apron feeder and fed into a jaw crusher via a static grizzley. The fines and crushed ore report to a conveyor that delivers it to a screen. Screen oversize reports to a recirculation conveyor that delivers the ore to the cone crusher for secondary crushing. The secondary crushed ore also reports to the screen feed conveyor allowing secondary closed circuit crushing. Screen undersize reports to the crushed ore silo feed conveyor and is delivered to the shuttle conveyor above the crushed ore silos. The shuttle conveyor is used to deposit ore into one of two silos. Ore is drawn out each crushed ore silo by a light duty Apron feeder and discharged onto the mill feed conveyor that delivers it to the mill. Each mill is therefore fed by its own independent silo, feeder and conveyor system. The milling circuit includes a 100% mill discharge feed to a Falcon gravity concentrator. Concentrate from the concentrator passes over a magnetic separator to remove magnetics before it is leached in a concentrate leach reactor. The tails from the leach reactor reports back to the milling circuit. Cyclone overflow from the milling circuit flows over a trash screen before it is thickened and delivered to a leach and Carbon in Pulp (CIP) pump cell circuit. The loaded carbon from the pump cells is acid washed, eluted using a Zadra process and electrowinning, and regenerated before being returned for CIP adsorption. The gold plated onto the electrowinning cathodes is washed off, caked in a filter press, then dried and calcined in a calcine oven before smelting into bullion bars for delivery to a refinery. Digby Wells Environmental 4 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 The plant tailings will pass through an INCO process6 detox circuit prior to pumping to the tailings dam. Water recovered from the tailings penstock will be gravity and pump fed to the plant process water dam for reuse in the circuit. Reagents utilised for the process will be stored and mixed on site. Cyanide will be stored and utilised within strict cyanide control requirements including a separate fenced and locked mixing and storage area within the plant boundary fence. Lime will be bulk delivered to a free standing silo from where it is delivered at a controlled rate for mixing and slaking with water prior to circulation around the plant for pH control. Caustic and Hydrochloric acid will be delivered in concentrated liquid form and stored in separate fenced areas within the plant prior to being diluted with water in storage tanks from which it is pumped for plant use. Existing infrastructure includes the foundations and the coarse ore silo. The foundations will be modified to suit the designed plant layout. The crushed ore silo will be modified and reused. New plant fencing and a new laboratory, administration and security building will be erected for the plant. 2.3.2 Surface operations Blyvoor Gold intends to reclaim the Blyvoor TSFs No. 7 and Doornfontein 1 and 2 first and the other TSFs will remain in care and maintenance until they are reclaimed later in the LOM. The approved method of reclamation is hydraulic mining and processing at the surface reclamation metallurgical plant, located near the old Blyvooruitzicht Golf Course The reclaimed tailings will be pumped to a reception tank via a trash screen on top of the reception tank. The clean slurry is pumped to a cyclone which diverts coarse ore to the milling circuit and size ore to the thickener feed trash screen. The thickened slurry is pumped to a preoxidation tank in which the ore is oxidised by oxygen injection into a leach reactor. The oxidised ore reports to a Carbon in Leach (CIL) circuit that leaches and adsorbs the gold in a preg robbing environment. The gold will then be recovered through the existing plant elution and smelting circuit. The residue from the CIL will be pumped and disposed of, onto TSF 6. The plant and associated water pipeline servitude (which runs from the plant to Blyvoor No. 6 and No. 7 TSFs) are approved. Should this option be chosen, this will constitute a separate EA process and is not considered in this assessment. Blyvoor Gold will continue to deposit material on the Blyvoor TSF No. 6, as this TSF still has sufficient capacity for the LOM. Should more deposition capacity be required, materials will be deposited onto the area of Blyvoor No. 7 TSF after those tailings have been reclaimed. Alternatively, Blyvoor Gold may consider a new site on Blyvoor TSF No. 4 & No. 5. 6 A process for the destruction of sulphur dioxide cyanide to process tailings patented by INCO Ltd. This is one of two patented processes and this process has been used at over 80 mines globally. Digby Wells Environmental 5 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 2.4 Definition of the study areas The following sections of the report will make reference to regional, local and site-specific study areas and the development footprint area. These areas are presented in Plan 1 and are defined as follows: 7 ■ Regional study area: the area bounded by the district municipality demarcation, in this case, the WRDM7. Where necessary, the regional study area may be extended outside the boundaries of the district municipality to include much wider regional expressions of specific types of heritage resources and historical events; ■ Local study area: the area most likely to be influenced by any changes to heritage resources within the Project area, or where Project development could cause heritage impacts. The local study area is defined as the area bounded by the local municipality, in this case, the MCLM, with particular reference to the immediate surrounding properties or farms; ■ Site-specific study area: the farm potions extent associated with the proposed Project, including a 500 m buffer area. In this case, the site-specific study area refers to the MR143GP area as purchased by Blyvoor Gold, inclusive of the Orphans; and ■ Development footprint area: the surface area which will be affected by the activities described in Section 2.2 proposed for the next fifteen years LOM. This includes a sub-set of the site-specific study area, namely the surface operations and the surface area above the underground operations described in Section 2.3. It must be noted that the WRDM includes both the Merafong City and the Mogale City Local Municipalities, both of which can be abbreviated to MCLM. For ease of reference, only Merafong City will be abbreviated to MCLM and Mogale City will be referred to in full. Digby Wells Environmental 6 Olifantsnekdam troom Sterks SOUTH AFRICA Local Municipality of Madibeng Local Municipality Magalies Bojanala District Municipality St We By stern pa ss R5 51 27°10'0"E o Rd erd p ko ) ut 54 Ho d ( R R Vanderbijlpark 27°20'0"E 27°30'0"E 27°40'0"E Sustainability 27°50'0"E Leeukuil Dam Vereeniging 28°0'0"E Service Positive Change Suik e 26°40'0"S rbos Professionalism Future Focused Integrity Projection: Transverse Mercator Ref #: scm.BVG4880.201808.136 Central Meridian: 27°E Date: 31/08/2018 Datum: WGS 1984 R42 l Vaa POTCHEFSTROOM Emfuleni Local Municipality 26°30'0"S Sedibeng District Municipality R54 it lspru Ense 26°20'0"S R550 p ko ut Ho Rd p 54 R5 Midvaal Local Municipality R557 pr uit R57 o Lo Potchefstroom Dam it ru sp Local Municipality (2016) Ve rw Klipdrifdam us Regional Study Area Local Study Area He nle Dr y N1 R553 Le e District Municipality (2016) R558 p rloo rivie Peter Wright Dam Sebokeng R53 26°40'0"S Klip 12 Boskopdam Dam 26°10'0"S R8 2 i Mo o N Perennial Stream 56 R5 26°30'0"S Mo By rok pa a ss West Rand District Municipality Merafong City Local Municipality en ld ay o G ghw Hi Orlando Dam R577 R501 Railway Line r 8 R2 Carletonville R25 City of JOHANNESBURG Johannesburg New R2 Bloudam 9 Local Municipality Canada R1 Dam 0 City of Johannesburg N1 3 7 District Municipality Westonaria Sta tio St n 26°20'0"S Zoo Lake Florida Lake Soweto R5 59 Ventersdorp/Tlokwe Local Municipality k Arterial / National Route Sandton Randburg Kliprivie Dr Klerkskraal Dam Major Town Main Road Roodepoort oc Adc t S Mo oi Rd in ) Ma 559 (R d Rand West City Local Municipality R41 11 th R500 N14 5 R5 Randfontein City dil Krugersdorp nR Mai Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality Legend 26°0'0"S 4 R56 Lancaster Dam 26°10'0"S Locality Map o ok Kr ie R pr ts 25°50'0"S Project Area (Site Specific Study Area) 2 R55 Mogale City Local Municipality t ui Blyvoor EIA R562 14 R1 63 R5 R5 09 26°0'0"S Rustenburg Local Municipality City of Tshwane District Municipality ps Henno 60 R5 Free State Plan 1 N4 Jukskei Free State Atteridgeville 4 R2 Free State Kgetlengrivier Local Municipality Buffelspoort Dam Mpumalanga R30 Gauteng 28°0'0"E R59 Selons R5 2 Project Location R104 Limpopo 27°50'0"E Hartebeespoortdam R512 25°50'0"S 27°40'0"E na North West Limpopo 27°30'0"E a Maretlw Limpopo 27°20'0"E R5 11 27°10'0"E 0 5 Revision Number: 1 10 20 Kilometres 1:400 000 rant www.digbywells.com © Digby Wells Environmental ! R 27°20'0"E 27°22'30"E Plan 2 ! Blyvoor EIA R50 Carletonville 0 AN Infrastructure Layout NAN 26°22'30"S Doornfontein No. 2 TSF Doornfontein No. 3 TSF Project Area Major Town ! Arterial / National Road 0 Doornfontein No. 1 TSF 26°22'30"S Blyvoor No. 1 TSF R50 Blyvoor No. 4 & 5 TSF Legend Main Road R501 Minor Road Railway Line Non-Perennial Stream Dam Wall Surface Reclamation Metallurgical Plant Dam / Lake Non - Perennial Pan Blyvoor No. 7 TSF Wetland Blyvoor RWD Infrastructure Main Access Road Plant Blyvoor No. 6 TSF 26°25'0"S RWD 26°25'0"S Shaft Blyvoor No. 6 RWD Underground Metallurgical Plant 5 Shaft Complex TSF Sustainability Service Positive Change Integrity Central Meridian: 27°E Date: 05/09/2018 ± 27°22'30"E Future Focused Ref #: kam.BVG4880.201801.052 Datum: WGS 1984 27°20'0"E Professionalism Projection: Transverse Mercator 0 www.digbywells.com 0.5 Revision Number: 1 1 2 Kilometres 1:40 000 © Digby Wells Environmental Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 3 Baseline Description The cultural heritage baseline description presented below considers the predominant landscape based on the identified heritage resources within the regional, local and sitespecific study areas and within the development footprint area. Table 3-1 presents an overview of the archaeological periods relevant to the cultural heritage landscape. Figure 3-1 shows the distribution of the identified heritage resources across these archaeological periods. A total of 50 heritage resources were recorded for the regional study area, which was supplemented by additional data to inform Plan 4. Table 3-1: Archaeological periods in South Africa (adapted from Esterhuysen & Smith, 2007) Early Stone Age (ESA) 2 mya to 250 thousand years ago (kya) Middle Stone Age (MSA) 250 kya to 20 kya Later Stone Age (LSA) 20 kya to 500 CE (Common Era ) Farming Communities Early Farming communities (EFC) 500 to 1400 CE Late Farming Communities (LFC) 1100 to 1800 CE Historical Period - The Stone Age 8 8 1500 CE to 1994 (Behrens & Swanepoel, 2008) Common Era (CE) refers to the same period as Anno Domini (“In the year of our Lord”, referred to as AD): i.e. the time after the accepted year of the birth of Jesus Christ and which forms the basis of the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Years before this time are referred to as ‘Before Christ’ (BC) or, here, BCE (Before Common Era). Digby Wells Environmental 9 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Heritage resources identified within the greater study area Archaeological - LFC 46.0% 22.0% Archaeological - MSA Archaeological - MSA/LSA Burial Grounds & Graves 10.0% Historical Historical Built Environment 12.0% Mixed 2.0% 4.0% 2.0% Recent heritage 2.0% Figure 3-1: Heritage resources identified within the WRDM Lithologies9 associated with the Witwatersrand, Transvaal and Karoo Supergroups underlie the regional study area. These lithologies represent the Mesoarchean through the Palaeozoic Eras, which range from approximately 2 800 million years ago (mya) to 266 mya (Johnson et al 2006). The Witwatersrand Supergroup is the greatest source of gold on earth. These layers were deposited between 2 800 and 2 650 mya. Within the Witwatersrand Supergroup, the West Rand Group is the most relevant to the Project-specific study area. These formations comprise quartzite, shale and minor or subordinate conglomerates (Johnson et al 2006). The Transvaal Supergroup overlies the Witwatersrand Supergroup (Johnson et al 2006). This geological feature is preserved in three basins, of which the most relevant is the Transvaal Basin. The Transvaal Basin dates between 2 650 to 290 mya. Within the Transvaal Supergroup are the Chuniespoort and Pretoria Groups. The Chuniespoort includes the Malmani Subgroup, a layer of dolomitic bedrock. The subgroup includes stromatolites and has a high potential for Karst topography. The upper Pretoria Group is approximately 6 to 7 km thick. The formation comprises predominantly mudrock, alternating with quartzitic sandstone, significant interbedded basaltic- andesitic lavas and subordinate conglomerate, diamictite and carbonate rocks. These layers have all been subject to lowgrade metamorphism. 9 The palaeontological baseline was compiled by Shannon Hardwick and was reviewed by Prof. Marion Bamford from the University of the Witwatersrand. Digby Wells Environmental 10 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 The layers of the Karoo Supergroup overly the Transvaal Supergroup and represent the uppermost lithologic units in the regional study area. The Karoo Supergroup is approximately 12 km thick and extends over an area in excess of 700 000 square kilometres (Johnson et al 2006). The Karoo Supergroup includes the Dwyka, Ecca, Beaufort and Drakensburg Groups, the last of which is underlain by the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations within the Supergroup. Palaeontologically-sensitive layers include the Chuniespoort Group (including the Malmani Subgroup), Pretoria Group and Karoo Supergroup (SAHRIS 2013). The Witwatersrand Supergroup is of negligible or zero palaeontological sensitivity and is not considered further. Table 3-2 presents a summary of the palaeontological sensitivities within the regional study area. The Karoo Supergroup is well known for terrestrial vertebrate fossils, distinctive plant assemblages, thick glacial deposits and extensive dolerite dykes and sills within the sediments (Johnson et al 2006). The Ecca Group within the Karoo Supergroup also includes the following fossils: non-marine trace fossils; fish species, crustaceans and other marine shelly invertebrates, microfossils, fossil insects and coal floras in particular (SAHRIS 2013). Although it occurs in the regional study area, the Karoo Supergroup does not underlie the Project specific study area. The Pretoria and Chuniespoort Groups include microfossils (SAHRIS 2013). The Pretoria Group, Malmani Subgroup and Black Reef Formation include stromatolites. These are the ancient predecessors of modern algal mats which have been fossilised. Many layers of the Transvaal Supergroup are conducive to karst topography and the associated formation of caves and breccia (SAHRIS 2013).This is especially prolific within the Malmani Subgroup and the well-indurated dolostone within those layers (Johnson et al 2006). Perhaps the most famous example of karst topography and the paleontological parental of the breccia within these caves is the Fossil Sites of South Africa World Heritage Site (UNESCO, 2018). The Fossil Sites of South Africa World Heritage Site, known colloquially as the Cradle of Humankind, occurs within the neighbouring the Mogale City Local Municipality of WRDM (UNESCO, 2018). The Cradle of Humankind area is approximately 50km from the proposed Metallurgical Plant. The fossils in these cave sites provide evidence for the occupation of the area for at least the last 2.3 mya. Hominid fossils recovered from these caves represent Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus species and Homo habilis. New species recently identified in these caves include A. prometheus, A. sediba and H. naledi. The fossils of the Cradle of Humankind represent some of the earliest hominid species of southern Africa Digby Wells Environmental 11 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Table 3-2: Geology and palaeontological sensitivities for the regional study area10 Lithostratigraphic Units Eon Era Period Supergroup Group Formations PalaeoSensitivity Fossils Vascular plants (including petrified wood) and palynomorphs of Glossopteris flora; Permian Palaeozoic Phanerozoic Non-marine trace fossils; Karoo Supergroup Ecca Group Waterford, Fort Brown, Ripon, Collingham, White Hill and Prince Albert Moderate Mesosaurid reptiles. Fish (including microvertebrate remains and coprolites); Crustaceans; and Insects. 10 Pretoria Group Vaalian Eoproterozoic Proterozoic Stromatolites; Transvaal Supergroup Silverton, Daspoort, Stubenkop, Hekpoort, Boeshoek, Timeball Hill and Rooihoogte Low; Moderate; High Microfossils are possible where stromatolites occur; Fossils may exist within late Cenozoic cave breccias. These may occur within outcrop area of carbonate subunits, such as the 'Transvaal Dolomite' outcrop area Geological formations of high palaeontological sensitivity are indicated in bold. Digby Wells Environmental 12 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Lithostratigraphic Units Eon Era Period Supergroup Group Formations Duitsland, Penge Frisco, Eccles, Lyttelton, Monte Christo and Oaktree Chuniespoort Group Randian Mesoarchaean Low High Fossils Possible microfossils Range of shallow marine to intertidal stromatolites (such as domes and columns); Organic-walled microfossils; (Malmani Subgroup) Early continental shelf environments (margins of Kaapvaal Craton); and Blackreef Archaean PalaeoSensitivity High Fossils may exist within late Cenozoic cave breccias within the 'Transvaal Dolomite' outcrop area, which is similar to Sterkfontein karst topography Afrikander, Elandslaagte, Palmietfontein, Tusschenin, Coronation, Promise Witwatersrand Supergroup West Rand Group (Government Subgroup) Zero None Bonanza, Brixton, Parktown and Orange Grove (Hospital Hill Subgroup) Digby Wells Environmental 13 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 The Stone Age in southern Africa is divided into three broad phases, namely: the ESA, the MSA and the LSA. These phases are determined according to the lithic tools and material cultural produced by the various hominid species through time. The Cradle of Humankind notwithstanding, no heritage resources representing the ESA were recorded in the regional study area. The regional study area includes expressions of the MSA, which account for 2% of the heritage resources recorded. This expression of the MSA included a low density scatter (Huffman et al 1994).The MSA was also identified in another low density scatter which also included LSA lithics. This was the only expression of the LSA for the regional study area. The high proportion of blades that are minimally modified and which are created using the Levallois technique characterise the early MSA lithic industries (Clark 1982; Deacon & Deacon 1999). The presence of bone tools, ochre, beads and pendants as well as the use of good-quality raw materials further characterise this period. LSA lithics are specialised, i.e. specific tools were created for specific purposes (Mitchell 2002). LSA assemblages commonly include diagnostic tools, such as scrapers and segment, and may also include bone points. The LSA is further defined by evidence of ritual practices and complex societies (Deacon & Deacon 1999). Three rock art painting traditions occur within South Africa and each is associated with specific groups. No evidence of rock art was noted in the literature review. In southern Africa, the LSA is commonly associated with hunter-gatherers. The San (including Barsarwa, Bathwa and hunter-gatherer groups) are generally accepted as the first inhabitants of present-day South Africa (Makhura 2007). Later, the various peoples of the Farming Community, including the ancestors of the modern Sotho-Tswana and Nguni peoples, settled in the area. The Farming Community period correlates to the movements of Bantu-speaking agropastoralists moving into southern Africa. The Farming Community is divided into the EFC and LFC periods. No expressions of the EFC were identified within the regional study area. LFC resources account for 12% of the heritage resources identified in the larger study area (Huffman et al 1994; Digby Wells 2015; Van Schalkwyk 2017). LFC settlements are identified through stonewalling or secondary tangible surface indicators such as ceramics. Stonewalling is the most visible indicator of LFC settlements and can attest to the complex processes of development and decline over several years (see for example Delius et al 2014). Different categories of stonewalling have been described through differences in the construction technique, coursing, height, shape and internal divisions. Within the regional and local study area, Type N and Klipriviersburg walling is known to occur. Ceramics were an active part of cultural group dynamics and provided a social function through conveying symbols and metaphors. Because of this, archaeologists can use ceramics to show a relative cultural-historical temporal sequence to recognise ceramic users in the archaeological record (Huffman 2007). Ntsuanatsatsi and Uitkomst are the most common ceramic facies in the study area. Uitkomst ceramics occur between 1650 and Digby Wells Environmental 14 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 1820 CE and key characteristics include: stamped arcades, applique, blocks of parallel incisions, stamping and chord impressions. Ntsuanatsatsi ceramics are characterised by stamping in the neck, applique and stamped arcades on the shoulder. These ceramics occur between 1450 and 1650 CE (Huffman 2007). Within the study area, the LFC settlements are thought to be associated ethnographically with the Tswana and Fokeng. The Tswana groups appear to have been in the area first and are primarily associated with three chiefs: Morolong, Masilo and Mokgatla. Masilo ruled in the northern Witwatersrand area in the 15th century and together with his son, Malope, founded the Hurutshe group (Ngcongco 1982). The Kgatla and Hurusthe may share a common ancestry and similar origins (Huffman 2007; Mbenga & Manson 2010). It is also possible that Mokgatla, who governed over the north-eastern Witwatersrand area and Pretoria during the 15th and 16th centuries, may have established the Kgatla lineage. Morolong founded the Rolong. The Fokeng moved into the region later, possibly during the 16th century. The Fokeng may have Tswana origins (as described by Morton 2008) or may be a group with Nguni origins who were later ‘Sotho-ised’ (as described by Huffman 2007). The Fokeng attribute their origins to the Ntsuanatsatsi Marsh and settled at the Ntsuanatsatsi Hill in the Free State between 1550 and 1650 CE, until increased rainfall facilitated the movement of groups further into the interior. From the mid-16th century, communities started to move into condensed settlements wherein all inhabitants allied themselves to chiefs. These settlements included new spatial characteristics with domestic living areas becoming more elaborate and segmented. These further contributed to the increasing political centralisation (Huffman 2007; Anderson 2009). The historical period11 is commonly regarded as the period characterised by contact between Europeans and Bantu-speaking African groups and the written records associated with these interactions. However, the division between the historical period and the LFC is largely artificial and there is a large amount of overlap between the two. An important example of this artificial division is the Mfecane (in the Nguni languages) or the Difaqane (Sotho languages). The Difaqane refers to the period between approximately 1817 and 1826 which is characterised by violence and political unrest associated with the movement of Mzilikazi and his Ndebele into the interior of South Africa (Anderson 2009; Landau 2010). As the Ndebele migrated, the occupants of settlements which were now abandoned or destroyed were either subdued and joined the Ndebele, abandoning their previous cultural identity or fled. European missionaries, settlers, traders and travellers moving into the interior further added to the instability and the resulting power struggles. 11 In southern Africa, the last 500 years represents a formative period that is marked by enormous internal economic and political invention and experimentation that shaped modern identities and cultural contours outside of European contact. This period is currently not well documented but is being explored through the 500 Year Initiative (Swanepoel et al 2008). Digby Wells Environmental 15 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Some of the ‘empty lands’ left behind from the Difaqane became host to the early white migrants who claimed large tracts of land and founded settlements and towns as they moved northwards during the 1830s. The Voortrekkers, and later the Boers, encountered resistance from inhabitants of these ‘empty lands’. Soon thereafter, the British moved into the interior of South Africa. The British sought to implement British Imperial rule over the Boer republics which had recently been established. These building tensions culminated in the Transvaal War of 1880 to 1881. The gold reef on the Witwatersrand was discovered in 1886, when George Harrison discovered gold on the farms Wilgespruit and Langlaagte in present-day Johannesburg. This discovery triggered the Transvaal gold rush. Shortly thereafter, Paul Kruger, the then president of the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), declared the area around the informal tented mining settlement known as Ferreira’s Camp as public diggings, exacerbating the rush. The gold rush led to the establishment of several large mining companies and towns, including Johannesburg (1886), Krugersdorp (1886) and Randfontein (1890). The discovery of gold again exacerbated tensions between the British and the Boers which remained after the Transvaal War. The British sought to bring the gold fields under their control, along with the ZAR settlements established there. These heightened tensions resulted in the Jameson Raid of 1895. Leander Jameson, a close ally of Cecil John Rhodes, led the raid, which was intended to cause an uprising amongst the British residents of the Witwatersrand. The Boers were warned of British plans and captured Jameson and his men at Doornkop, near Krugersdorp. The Jameson Raid was an important catalyst for the South African War of 1899 to 1902. Within the regional study area, the historical period and the associated built heritage represent 22% and 46% of the heritage resources respectively. Historical structures include those associated with the South African War and early European settlers (Huffman et al 1994). The built resources include: buildings, complexes (such as werwe) and structural remains (Digby Wells 2015; Van Schalkwyk 2017). Burial grounds account for a further 10% of the heritage resources and range from single graves to burial grounds of more than 100 graves (Digby Wells 2015; Van Schalkwyk 2017). The farm Blyvooruitzicht was originally farmed by Pieter Daniel Roux. The farm name is a Dutch term, meaning ‘happy outlook’ or ‘happy prospect’. Dr. R. Krahmann successfully completed a geophysical magnetometer survey over the present lease area in the early 1930s. Further explorations confirmed the viability of the mine and BGMC opened in 1937. BGMC became the first mine to exploit the Carbon Leader Reef. In 1947, following the result of similar exploration activities on the neighbouring farm Doornfontein, the eponymous company became the fifth mine to open along the West Wits Line. Some of the earlier infrastructure associated with the Blyvooruitzicht operations remains standing and is afforded general protection under Section 34 of the NHRA (refer to Figure 5-2). Digby Wells Environmental 16 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 3.1 Data Sources The following published literature informed this report: ■ Behrens, J. & Swanepoel, N., 2008. Historical archaeologies of southern Africa: precedents and prospects. In: N. Swanepoel, A. Esterhuysen & P. Bonner, eds. Five Hundred Years Rediscovered: South African precedents and prospects. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, pp. 23-39; ■ Clark, J.D. 1982. The Cultures of the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age. In: Oliver, R. (ed) The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; ■ Deacon, H. & Deacon, J. 1999. Human Beginnings in South Africa. Cape Town: David Phillip; ■ Delius, P., Maggs, T. & Schoeman, A., 2014. Forgotten World: The Stone-Walled Settlements of the Mpumalanga Escarpment. First ed. Johannesburg: Wits University Press; ■ Esterhuysen, A. & Smith, J., 2007. Stories in Stone. In: P. Delius, ed. Mpumalanga: History and Heritage: reclaiming the past, defining the future. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 41-67. ■ Landau, P. S., 2010. Popular Politics in the History of South Africa, 1400-1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ■ Huffman, T.N. 2007. A handbook to the Iron Age: the Archaeology of Pre-colonial Farming Societies in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press; ■ Johnson, M.R., Anhaeusser, C.R. & Thomas, R.J. (Eds.). 2006. The Geology of South Africa. Johannesburg: Geological Society of South Africa and Council for Geosciences. ■ Makhura, T., 2007. Early inhabitants. In: P. Delius, ed. Mpumalanga: History and Heritage. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, pp. 91-135. ■ Morton, F., 2008. Creating maps as historical evidence: reconsidering settlement patterns and group relations in the Rustenburg-Pilanesberg Area before 1810. New Contree, Volume 56, pp. 1-22; ■ Mbenga, B. & Manson, A., 2010. People of the Dew: A History of the Bafokeng of the Phokeng-Rustenburg Region, South Africa, from Early Times to 2000. Johannesburg: Jacana Media ■ Mitchell, P. 2002. The Archaeology of Southern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; ■ Ngcongco, L., 1982. Precolonial migration in south-eastern Botswana. In: Settlement in Botswana. Gabarone: Botswana Society, pp. 23-80. Digby Wells Environmental 17 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 ■ Swanepoel, N., Esterhuysen, A. B. & Bonner, P., 2008. Five Hundred Years Rediscovered:Southern African Precedents and Prospects. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. The following unpublished sources informed this report: ■ Anderson, M. S., 2009. The Historical Archaeology of Marathodi: towards an understanding of space, identity and the organisation of production at an early 19th century Tlokwa Capital in the Pilanesberg region of South Africa, Unpublished thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy: University of Cape Town; ■ Digby Wells. 2015. Heritage Scoping Report: Sibanye Gold Limited’s West Rand Tailings Retreatment Project. Unpublished report prepared for Sibanye Gold Limited; ■ Huffman, T.N., van der Merwe, H.D. & Steel, R. 1994. Archaeological survey of the East and West Driefontein Mines. Archaeological Resources Management: unpublished report; ■ SAHRIS, 2013. Fossil Heritage Layer Browser. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sahra.org.za/sahris/fossil-heritage-layer-browser [accessed 03 September 2018]; ■ UNESCO, 2018. World Heritage List: Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa. [Online]. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/915 [accessed 25 July 2018]; and ■ Van Schalkwyk, J.A. 2017. Phase 1 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment: the proposed construction of the Fochville 132 kV powerline, Gauteng Province. Unpublished report prepared for Envirolution. The reports listed above were sourced primarily from the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS). Data from the SAHRIS database was also included inform Plan 4. Table 3-3 below describes the sources used for the historical layering . Digby Wells Environmental 18 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Table 3-3: References for Aerial Photography Job no. Flight plan Photo no. Map ref. Area Date Ref. 2627 AD Potchefstoom/Parys 1961 425/1961 917 Row 10 918 919 880 881 Row 11 882 425 883 884 856 857 Row 12 858 859 3.2 Pre-Disturbance Survey Shannon Hardwick undertook a pre-disturbance survey on 24 July 2018. Miss Hardwick completed the pre-disturbance survey as a non-intrusive pedestrian survey, i.e. no sampling was undertaken. Track-logs were recorded to demonstrate the area inspected, presented in Plan 3. The survey focused on the area of the No. 5 Shaft metallurgical treatment plant and the area overlying the proposed mining activities envisaged for the next fifteen years as determined through discussions with Blyvoor Gold Mine representatives, Dave Whittaker and Louis Lamsley. Miss Hardwick did not survey the area associated with the tailings retreatment plan, as it is assumed this area has been subject to a heritage assessment through earlier Project activities. Miss Hardwick undertook informal consultation with custodians of the remaining hostel block. The informants indicated the presence of two graves on the neighbouring farm Doornfontein 118 IQ. As these occurred outside of the study area, they were not verified on site. No heritage resources12 were identified within the development footprint area during the pre-disturbance survey. 12 All built environment resources associated with the No. 5 Shaft complex are younger than 60 years, and not generally protected under Section 34. This NID is therefore submitted to Provincial Heritage Resources Authority Gauteng (PHRA-G) via SAHRIS for noting only. Digby Wells Environmental 19 ! R 27°20'0"E 27°22'30"E Plan 3 ! Blyvoor EIA R50 Carletonville 0 AN Heritage Tracks NAN 26°22'30"S Legend 26°22'30"S Project Area R50 Heritage Tracks 0 Major Town ! Arterial / National Road R501 Main Road Minor Road Railway Line Non-Perennial Stream Dam Wall Dam / Lake Non - Perennial Pan Wetland 26°25'0"S 26°25'0"S Sustainability Service Positive Change Integrity Central Meridian: 27°E Date: 31/08/2018 ± 27°22'30"E Future Focused Ref #: scm.BVG4880.201808.137 Datum: WGS 1984 27°20'0"E Professionalism Projection: Transverse Mercator 0 www.digbywells.com 0.5 Revision Number: 1 1 2 Kilometres 1:40 000 © Digby Wells Environmental 27°30'0"E 27°45'0"E Buffelspoort Dam Olifantsnekdam Atteridgeville Broederstroom R55 R1 14 63 R5 Kr R5 64 ok il Krugersdorp Randfontein R4 1 o oi op Mooir ivierlo R N1103 7 City of Johannesburg Soweto Orlando District Dam Municipality R55 3 Peter Wright Dam District Municipality (2016) ! Regional Study Area 26°15'0"S ! Klip N 1 R82 57 R5 8 R2 R5 51 Le eu Ri t sp rui 3 R5 Klipdrifdam pruit ets R5 9 26°30'0"S Sebokeng ! Sedibeng District Municipality Sustainability Service Positive Change Enselspr uit ! l Vanderbijlpark a Va 7 R5 Modderdam Vereeniging ! 27°30'0"E 27°45'0"E 28°0'0"E R42 Professionalism Future Focused Integrity Projection: Transverse Mercator Ref #: kam.BVG4880.201809.038 Central Meridian: 27°E Date: 06/09/2018 Datum: WGS 1984 POTCHEFSTROOM 27°15'0"E Dam \ ! 50 R5 00 R5 Boskopdam Poortjiesdam Bloudam R5 54 spruit Loop R54 Perennial Stream 2 N1 1 50 26°30'0"S R25 JOHANNESBURG Westonaria ! \ ! Florida Lake Railway Line ! ! ! Carletonville Major Town 56 R5 Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality ! Main Road Zoo Lake New Canada Dam R5 59 City Arterial / National Route ! ) (R559 8 R55 West Rand District Municipality Klerkskraal Dam \ ! Randburg Roodepoort ! Rd in Ma Sandton ! Lancaster Dam 4 N1 M Properties with Identified Heritage Resources 26°0'0"S ! ! Potchefstroom Dam Legend Project Area R55 2 Juks k e i od R Properties with Identified Heritage Resources ! R562 R509 26°15'0"S Blyvoor EIA 2 R51 R2 4 Plan 4 ! 11 R5 R5 26°0'0"S 25°45'0"S City of Tshwane District n o ps Hen Municipality alie s Mag 60 Bojanala District Municipality N4 Pelindaba Sterkstroo m R30 \ ! 28°0'0"E Hartebeespoortdam etlwana M ar R104 Selo ns R5 2 27°15'0"E ± 0 www.digbywells.com 5 Revision Number: 1 10 20 Kilometres 1:400 000 © Digby Wells Environmental Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 4 Assessment Process Table 4-1 presents the EIA process and AEL application that are currently being conducted for the proposed Project. Table 4-1: Current Assessment Processes Current phase of assessment process Legislation (E.g. NEMA, MPRDA, etc.) Authorities who has / will receive information Capacity of Authorities (E.g. Scoping, EIA, etc.) NEMA Application Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Licencing MPRDA Application Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Licencing NEM:AQA AEL Application Department of Environmental Affairs Licencing NID and Request for Exemption (RfE) South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) Commenting NID and RfE Provincial Heritage Resources Authority Gauteng (PHRA-G) Noting NHRA These assessments are required in terms of legislated and/or regulated activities outlined in Sections 4.1 to 4.3 below. 4.1 EIA Regulations Listed Activities Table 4-2 presents the activities listed in the EIA Regulations which generally require impact assessments. Table 4-2: Identified Listed Activities NEMA Activity No. Listing Notice 2, NHRA Trigger 38(1)(e) Activity 6 Digby Wells Environmental Description Air Emissions Licence: Activity which requires a permit or licence in terms of national or provincial legislation governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution or effluent Expected duration/phase Preconstruction and operation 22 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 4.2 NHRA Section 38(1) Activities The proposed development will include the following activities listed in Section 38(1) of the NHRA, which generally require heritage assessments be undertaken. Table 4-3: NHRA Section 38 triggers Summary description NHRA Section 38 (1) Activities / Triggers (E.g. 500 m conveyor belt, open cast pit, etc.) 4.3 a Any linear development or barrier >300 m b Any bridge or similar structure >50 m c Any development or activity that will change the character of a site: 2 i ≥5 000m in extent ii Involving ≥3 existing erven/ subdivisions iii Involving ≥3 or more erven/ divisions consolidated within past 5 years. 2 d Rezoning of a site ≥10 000m in extent. e Other triggers, e.g.: in terms of other legislation, (i.e.: National Environment Management Act, etc.) NEMA, MPRDA Identified or known heritage resources and potential impacts Certain categories of heritage resource, if existing and identified, generally require heritage assessments to be completed before any development may take place. These categories may be formally or generally protected in terms of the NHRA. Table 4-4 presents an overview of such heritage resources identified within the Project area. Table 4-4: Identified heritage resources in terms of Section 3 of the NHRA Section Description Places, buildings, structures and equipment of cultural significance 3(2)(a) Description of resource: None within the development footprint area. Historical structures do exist within MR143GP. Potential impact: None identified Places to which oral traditions are attached or which are associated with living heritage 3(2)(b) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Digby Wells Environmental 23 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Section Description Historical settlements and townscapes 3(2)(c) Description of resource: None within the development footprint area. Ruins of previous mining villages associated with older shafts within MR143GP do occur. Potential impact: None Landscapes and natural features of cultural significance 3(2)(d) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Geological resources of scientific or cultural importance 3(2)(e) Description of resource: Palaeontologically sensitive layers underlying the Project area include the Chuniespoort and Pretoria Groups and the layers of the Karoo Supergroup. Potential impact: None identified. Archaeology and/or palaeontology (Including archaeological sites and material, fossils, rock art, battlefields & wrecks) 3(2)(f) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Graves and burial grounds (e.g. ancestral graves, graves of victims of conflict, historical graves & cemeteries) 3(2)(g) Description of resource: Graves are known to occur on Doornfontein 118 IQ, outside of the development footprint of this Project Potential impact: None identified. Other human remains 3(2)(h) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Sites of significance relating to the history of slavery in South Africa 3(2)(i) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Movable objects 3(2)(j) Description of resource: None identified Potential impact: None Digby Wells Environmental 24 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 5 Illustrative Material Figure 5-1 below presents an overview of the current environment within the Project area. As described above, the area has a lengthy history of disturbance through anthropogenic activity. Figure 5-2 presents the results of the historical imagery. The yellow dots represent historical structures which may potentially still be standing as structures or ruins. The eight dots in the north and east of the MRA are surrounded by historical structures which represent the early mining villages near the earlier shafts established within the BGMC. Most of these structures have been demolished and stand in ruin. No historical structures were identified within the development footprint area. Figure 5-1: Photographs illustrating the current environment A.) Environment at the site of the No. 5 shaft metallurgical plant; B-D.) Conditions above area to be undermined Digby Wells Environmental 25 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Figure 5-2: Historical Imagery of the site-specific study area Digby Wells Environmental 26 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 6 Recommendation Table 6-1 presents a summary and motivation of the specialist recommendations. Table 6-1: Specialist heritage recommendations Is a Heritage Impact Assessment required? Yes No If NO, provide motivation: The baseline description as provided in Section 3 above demonstrates that the greater study area predominantly comprises a cultural landscape associated with the historical period, including the associated built heritage. Much of the archaeology in the greater study area is of low significance as determined in previously-completed heritage studies (Huffman et al 1994; Digby Wells 2015; Van Schalkwyk 2017). The Project area has been subject to a long period of anthropogenic disturbance as evidenced by the history of mining in the nearby area and the existing infrastructure which Blyvoor Gold wish to refurbish and return to operation. All Project activities will take place within the area which has already been disturbed. No outcrops of palaeontologically sensitive material and no heritage resources were identified during the pre-disturbance survey. Built heritage resources were identified through historical imagery but none of these resources exist within the development footprint area. The infrastructure associated with No. 5 Shaft and the No. 5 Sub-vertical Shaft was completed from the 1980s onwards and is therefore not afforded general protection under Section 34 of the NHRA. Digby Wells therefore recommends and requests exemption from further heritage assessment in terms of Section 38 of the NHRA. This recommendation and request is made on condition that: ■ Blyvoor Gold develops a project-specific Chance Finds Protocol (CFP) and Fossil Finds Protocol (FFP) for implementation during the establishment and construction phase of the Project; and ■ The proponent immediately informs SAHRA of any chance finds identified and enlists the services of a qualified and accredited archaeologist to assess and recommend appropriate mitigation measures. If YES, provide suggested components that may be required or undertaken during HIA. Archaeology Architecture Built Environment Burial Grounds and Graves Palaeontology Public Participation Townscapes Visual Impact Other: Recommendation made by: Name: Shannon Hardwick Capacity: Assistant Heritage Management Consultant Digby Wells Environmental Name: Justin du Piesanie Resources Capacity: Divisional Heritage Services Manager: Social and 27 Notification of Intent to Develop Environmental Impact Assessment for the Blyvoor Gold Mining Project near Carletonville, Gauteng Province BVG4880 Appendix A: Specialist CV Miss Shannon Hardwick Assistant Heritage Resources Management Consultant Social and Heritage Services Department Digby Wells Environmental 1 Education Date Degree(s) or Diploma(s) obtained Institution 2013 MSc (Archaeology) University of the Witwatersrand 2010 BSc (Honours) (Archaeology) University of the Witwatersrand 2009 BSc University of the Witwatersrand 2006 Matric Rand Park High School 2 Language Skills Language Written Spoken English Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Basic Basic _________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. Co. Reg. No. 2010/008577/07. Turnberry Office Park, 48 Grosvenor Road, B ryanston, 2191. Private Bag X10046, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Tel: +27 11 789 9495, Fax: +27 11 069 6801, info@digbywells.com, www.digbywells.com ________________________________________________ Directors: AJ Reynolds (Chairman) (British)*, GE Trusler (C.E.O), GB Beringer, LF Koeslag, J Leaver*, NA Mehlomakulu, MJ Morifi*, DJ Otto *Non-Executive _________________________________________________ 3 Employment Period Company Title/position 2018 to present Digby Wells Environmental Assistant Heritage Resources Management Consultant 2017-2018 Digby Wells Environmental Intern: Heritage Resources Management 2016-2017 Tarsus Academy Facilitator 2011-2016 University of the Witwatersrand Teaching Assistant 2011 University of the Witwatersrand Collections Assistant 4 Experience Shannon joined the Digby Wells team in May 2017 as a Heritage Management Intern, and has subsequently been appointed as an Assistant Heritage Resources Management Consultant. Shannon is an archaeologist who obtained a Master of Science (MSc) degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2013, specialising in historical archaeobotany in the Limpopo Province. She is a published co-author of one paper in Journal of Ethnobiology. Since joining Digby Wells, Shannon has gained generalist experience through the compilation of Notification of Intent to Develop (NID) applications as well as Heritage Basic Assessment Reports (HBARs), Heritage Scoping Reports (HSRs) and Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) reports. Her other experience includes compiling a Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan (CHSSMP) and researching Artisanal and SmallScale Mining for input into a Livelihood Restoration Framework (LRF). Shannon’s experience in the field includes pre-disturbance surveys in South Africa and fieldwork in Malawi. 5 Project Experience My project experience is listed in the table below: Project Title Project Location Date: Description of the Project Name of Client Kilbarchan Colliery Environmental Authorisations and Closure Study Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Ongoing Heritage Impact Assessment Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Digby Wells Environmental 2 Project Title Project Location Belfast Implementation Project Mpumalanga Province, South Ongoing Africa The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory Square Northern Cape Province, Kilometre Array Heritage Impact South Africa Assessment and Conservation Management Plan Project Date: Ongoing Description of the Project Name of Client Exxaro Coal Section 34 Permit Mpumalanga (Pty) Application Ltd Heritage Impact Assessment and Conservation Management Plan The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) Heritage Resources Management Process for the Exxaro Matla Mine Mpumalanga Province, South January Africa 2018 Heritage Impact Assessment Exxaro Coal Mpumalanga (Pty) Ltd Newcastle Landfill Project Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa March 2018 Heritage Impact Assessment GCS Water and Environmental Consultants Tharisa Apollo (UG1) Plant Marikana, North-West Province, South Africa Ongoing Heritage Impact Assessment GCS Water and Environmental Consultants Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa April 2018 Section 34 Permit IDC Architects Application Ongoing Heritage Impact Assessment Sun International (Pty) Ltd Heritage Basic Assessment Report HCI Coal (Pty) Ltd (Mbali Colliery) National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) Section 34 Permit Application Process for the Davin and Queens Court Buildings on Erf 173 and 174, West Germiston, Gauteng Province Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed North West Province, South Future Developments within the Africa Sun City Resort Complex Basic Assessment and Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed pipeline Mpumalanga Province, South January from the Mbali Colliery to the Africa 2018 Tweefontein Water Reclamation Plant, Mpumalanga Province Digby Wells Environmental 3 Date: Description of the Project Project Title Project Location Environmental Fatal Flaw Analysis for the Mabula Filling Station Waterberg, Limpopo Province, November Fatal Flaw South Africa 2017 Analysis Zuurfontein NID Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg, South Africa July 2017 Name of Client Mr van den Bergh Notification of Shuma Africa Intent to Develop Projects Resettlement Action Plan, Liwonde Additional Studies Liwonde, Southern Region, Malawi Ongoing Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999) Rustenburg, North West Section 35 Archaeological Province, South Africa Investigations, Lanxess Chrome Mine, North-West Province Phase 2 July 2017 Mitigation Assessment Environmental and Social Input Bougouni, southern Mali for the Pre-Feasibility Study July 2017 6 Pre-Feasibility Study Lanxess Chrome Mines (Pty) Ltd Birimium Gold Professional Registrations Position Professional Body Member Association for Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA) 7 Mota-Engil Africa Registration Number 451 Publications Esterhuysen, A.B. & Hardwick, S.K. 2017. Plant remains recovered from the 1854 siege of the Kekana Ndebele, Historic Cave, Makapan Valley, South Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology 37(1): 97-119. Digby Wells Environmental 4 Mr. Justin du Piesanie Manager: Heritage Resources Management Social and Heritage Services Department Digby Wells Environmental 1 Education Date Degree(s) or Diploma(s) obtained Institution 2015 Continued Professional Development, Intermediate Project Management Course PM.Ideas: A division of the Mindset Group 2013 Continued Professional Development Programme, Architectural and Urban Conservation: Researching and Assessing Local Environments University of Cape Town 2008 MSc University of the Witwatersrand 2005 BA (Honours) (Archaeology) University of the Witwatersrand 2004 BA University of the Witwatersrand 2001 Matric Norkem Park High School 2 Language Skills Language Written Spoken English Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Proficient Good _________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. Co. Reg. No. 2010/008577/07. Turnberry Office Park, 48 Grosvenor Road, B ryanston, 2191. Private Bag X10046, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Tel: +27 11 789 9495, Fax: +27 11 069 6801, info@digbywells.com, www.digbywells.com ________________________________________________ Directors: GE Trusler (C.E.O), GB Beringer, LF Koeslag, J Leaver* (Chairperson), NA Mehlomakulu, MJ Morifi*, DJ Otto, R Williams *Non-Executive _________________________________________________ 3 Employment Period Company Title/position 2016 to present Digby Wells Environmental Unit Manager: Heritage Resources Management 2011-2016 Digby Wells Environmental Heritage Management Consultant: Archaeologist 2009-2011 University of the Witwatersrand Archaeology Collections Manager 2009-2011 Independent Archaeologist 2006-2007 Maropeng & Sterkfontein Caves UNESCO World Heritage Site Tour guide 4 Experience I joined the company in August 2011 as an archaeologist and was subsequently made unit manager in the Social and Heritage Services Department in 2016. I obtained my Master of Science (MSc) degree in Archaeology from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2008, specialising in the Southern African Iron Age. I further attended courses in architectural and urban conservation through the University of Cape Town’s Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Continuing Professional Development Programme in 2013. I am a professional member of the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA), and accredited by the association’s Cultural Resources Management (CRM) section. I am also a member of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), an advisory body to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. I have over 10 years combined experience in HRM in South Africa, including heritage assessments, archaeological mitigation, grave relocation, and NHRA Section 34 application processes. I gained further generalist experience since my appointment at Digby Wells in Botswana, Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Mali on projects that have required compliance with IFC requirements such as Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage. Furthermore, I have acted as a technical expert reviewer of HRM projects undertaken in Cameroon and Senegal. My current focus at Digby Wells is to develop the HRM process as an integrated discipline following international HRM principles and standards. This approach aims to provide clients with comprehensive, projectspecific solutions that promote ethical heritage management and assist in achieving strategic objectives. Digby Wells Environmental 2 5 Project Experience Please see the following table for relevant project experience: Project Title Klipriviersberg Archaeological Survey Sun City Archaeological Site Mapping Witbank Dam Archaeological Impact Assessment Archaeological Assessment of Modderfontein AH Holdings Heritage Assessment of Rhino Mines Cronimet Project Eskom Thohoyandou SEA Project Wenzelrust Excavations University of the Witwatersrand Parys LIA Shelter Project Transnet NMPP Line Archaeological Impact Assessment – Witpoortjie Project Der Brochen Archaeological Excavations De Brochen and Booysendal Archaeology Project Eskom Thohoyandou Electricity Master Network Batlhako Mine Expansion Kibali Gold Project Grave Relocation Plan Project Location Date: Description of the Project Name of Client Meyersdal, Gauteng, South Africa 2005 2006 Archaeological surveys ARM Sun City, Pilanesberg, North West Province, South Africa 2006 2006 Phase 2 Mapping Sun International Witbank, Mpumalanga, South Africa 2007 2007 Archaeological survey ARM Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 2008 2008 Heritage Basic Assessment ARM Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province, South Africa 2008 2008 Heritage Impact Assessment Rhino Mines Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province, South Africa 2008 2008 Archaeological surveys Cronimet Limpopo Province, South Africa 2008 2008 Heritage Statement Eskom Shoshanguve, Gauteng, South Africa 2009 2009 Phase 2 Excavations Heritage Contracts Unit Parys, Free State, South Africa 2009 2009 Phase 2 Mapping University of the Witwatersrand Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa 2010 2010 Heritage survey Umlando Consultants Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 2010 2010 Archaeological Impact Assessment ARM Steelpoort, Mpumalanga, South Africa 2010 2010 Phase 2 Excavations Heritage Contracts Unit Steelpoort, Mpumalanga, South Africa 2010 2010 Phase 2 Mapping Heritage Contracts Unit Limpopo Province, South Africa 2010 2010 Heritage Statement Strategic Environmental Focus 2010 2010 Phase 2 Mapping 2011 2013 Grave Relocation North-West Province, South Africa Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Digby Wells Environmental Heritage Contracts Unit Randgold Resources Limited 3 Project Title Project Location Orientale Province, Kibali Gold HydroDemocratic Republic of Power Project Congo Steelpoort, Everest North Mpumalanga, South Mining Project Africa Environmental Authorisation for the Gold One Gauteng, South Africa Geluksdal TSF and Pipeline Platreef Burial Mokopane, Limpopo Grounds and Province, South Africa Graves Survey Resgen Limpopo Province, Boikarabelo Coal South Africa Mine Bokoni Platinum Burgersfort, Limpopo Road Watching Province, South Africa Brief SEGA Gold Burkina Faso Mining Project Steelpoort, Everest North Mpumalanga, South Mining Project Africa SEGA Gold Burkina Faso Mining Project Consbrey and Breyton, Mpumalanga, Harwar Collieries South Africa Project New Liberty Gold Liberia Project Falea Uranium Mine Falea, Mali Environmental Assessment Putu Iron Ore Petroken, Liberia Mine Project Secunda, Sasol Twistdraai Mpumalanga, South Project Africa Daleside Acetylene Gas Gauteng, South Africa Production Facility Exxaro Belfast GRP Nzoro 2 Hydro Power Project Eastern Basin AMD Project Soweto Cluster Reclamation Project Belfast, Mpumalanga, South Africa Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Springs, Gauteng, South Africa Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa Digby Wells Environmental Date: Description of the Project Name of Client Randgold Resources Limited 2012 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment 2012 2012 Heritage Impact Assessment Aquarius Resources 2012 2012 Heritage Impact Assessment Gold One International 2012 2012 Burial Grounds and Graves Survey Platreef Resources 2012 2012 Phase 2 Excavations Resources Generation 2012 2012 Watching Brief Bokoni Platinum Mine 2012 2013 Socio Economic and Asset Survey Cluff Gold PLC 2012 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment Aquarius Resources 2013 2013 Technical Reviewer Cluff Gold PLC 2013 2013 Heritage Impact Assessment Msobo 2013 2014 Grave Relocation Aureus Mining 2013 2013 Heritage Scoping Rockgate Capital 2013 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment Atkins Limited 2013 2014 Notification of Intent to Develop ERM Southern Africa 2013 2013 Heritage Impact Assessment ERM Southern Africa 2013 - Grave Relocation 2014 2014 Social consultation 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment AECOM 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment Ergo (Pty) Ltd Exxaro Coal Mpumalanga (Pty) Ltd Randgold Resources Limited 4 Project Title Klipspruit South Project Klipspruit Extension: Weltevreden Project Ergo Rondebult Pipeline Basic Assessment Kibali ESIA Update Project GoldOne EMP Consolidation Yzermite PIA Project Location Ogies, Mpumalanga, South Africa Date: Description of the Project Name of Client 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment BHP Billiton Ogies, Mpumalanga, South Africa 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment BHP Billiton Johannesburg, South Africa 2014 2014 Heritage Basic Assessment Ergo (Pty) Ltd 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment 2014 2014 Gap analysis 2014 2014 Palaeontological Assessment EcoPartners Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Westonaria, Gauteng, South Africa Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanga, South Africa Randgold Resources Limited Gold One International Sasol Mooikraal Basic Assessment Sasolburg, Free State, South Africa 2014 2014 Heritage Basic Assessment Sasol Mining Oakleaf ESIA Project Bronkhorstspruit, Gauteng, South Africa 2014 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment Oakleaf Investment Holdings 2014 2014 Heritage Impact Assessment ILISO Consulting 2014 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment Ixia Coal 2014 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment 2014 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment Sibanye VM Investment Company 2015 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment 2015 2015 Section 34 Destruction Permit Ergo (Pty) Ltd Applications 2015 2015 Heritage Impact Assessment Jindal 2015 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment and Section 34 Destruction Permit Application Bigen Africa Services (Pty) Ltd 2015 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment and Section 34 Permit Application Bigen Africa Services (Pty) Ltd 2015 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment 2015 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment 2016 2016 Heritage Basic Assessment Rea Vaya Phase Johannesburg, II C Project Gauteng, South Africa Kriel, Mpumalanga, Imvula Project South Africa Sibanye WRTRP Gauteng, South Africa VMIC Vanadium Mokopane, Limpopo, EIA Project South Africa NLGM Constructed Liberia Wetlands Project ERPM Section 34 Johannesburg, Destruction Permits Gauteng, South Africa Applications JMEP II EIA Botswana Gino’s Building Johannesburg, Section 34 Destruction Gauteng, South Africa Permit Application EDC Block Johannesburg, Refurbishment Gauteng, South Africa Project Namane IPP and Steenbokpan, Limpopo Transmission Line Province, South Africa EIA Temo Coal Road Steenbokpan, Limpopo Diversion and Rail Province, South Africa Loop EIA Groningen and Inhambane PRA Limpopo Province, South Africa Digby Wells Environmental Aureus Mining Namane Resources (Pty) Ltd Namane Resources (Pty) Ltd Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited 5 Project Title Project Location NTEM Iron Ore Mine and Pipeline Cameroon Project Date: Description of the Project Name of Client 2014 2016 Technical Review IMIC plc Palmietkuilen MRA Springs, Gauteng, South Africa 2016 2016 Heritage Impact Assessment Canyon Resources (Pty) Ltd Copper Sunset Sand Mining S.102 Free State, South Africa 2016 2016 Heritage Basic Assessment Copper Sunset Sand (Pty) Ltd 2016 2016 2016 2016 Newcastle, KwaZuluNatal, South Africa 2016 2016 Heritage Basic Assessment Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Lephalale, Limpopo Province, South Africa 2016 2016 Notification of Intent to Develop Exxaro Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 2016 2016 Notification of Intent to Develop Senegal 2016 2017 Technical Reviewer Heritage Impact Assessment 2016 2016 Phase 2 Excavations 2016 2017 Heritage Impact Assessment Sibanye Gold Ltd 2016 2016 Phase 2 Mapping Sun International 2016 2017 Notification of Intent to Develop and Heritage Basic Assessment Sun International 2016 2017 Heritage Impact Assessment Umcebo Mining (Pty) Ltd 2016 2017 Heritage Impact Assessment Anker Coal 2016 - Heritage Impact Assessment ILISO Consulting 2017 - Grave Relocation 2017 2017 Watching Brief Kriel, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa 2017 2017 Heritage Site Management Plan Lephalale, Limpopo Province, South Africa 2017 2017 Heritage Basic Assessment Belfast, Mpumalanga, South Africa 2017 2017 Palaeontological Impact Assessment Grootvlei MRA Lambda EMP Kilbarchan Basic Assessment and EMP Grootegeluk Amendment Garsfontein Township Development Massawa EIA Springs, Gauteng, South Africa Mpumalanga, South Africa Louis Botha Phase 2 Beatrix EIA and EMP Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Welkom, Free State, South Africa Pilanesberg, NorthSun City Heritage West Province, South Mapping Africa Pilanesberg, NorthSun City Chair Lift West Province, South Africa Hendrina Hendrina, Underground Mpumalanga, South Coal Mine EIA Africa Elandsfontein Clewer, Mpumalanga, EMP Update South Africa Eskom Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South KZN Africa Strengthening Lephalale, Limpopo Thabametsi GRP Province, South Africa Grootegeluk Lephalale, Limpopo Watching Brief Province, South Africa Matla HSMP Ledjadja Coal Borrow Pits Exxaro Belfast Implementation Project PIA Digby Wells Environmental Notification of Intent to Develop Palaeontological Impact Assessment Ergo (Pty) Ltd Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Leungo Construction Enterprises Randgold Resources Limited Royal Haskoning DHV Exxaro Resources Ltd Exxaro Resources Ltd Exxaro Coal Mpumalanga (Pty) Ltd Ledjadja Coal (Pty) Ltd Exxaro Coal Mpumalanga (Pty) Ltd 6 Project Title Lanxess Chrome Mine Archaeological Mitigation Goulamina EIA Project Zuurfontein Residential Establishment Project Kibali Grave Relocation Training and Implementation Exxaro Matla HRM 6 Project Location Date: Description of the Project Name of Client Rustenburg, North West Province, South Africa 2017 2017 Phase 2 Excavations Lanxess Chrome Mine (Pty) Ltd Goulamina, Sikasso Region, Mali 2017 2017 Heritage Impact Assessment Birimian Limited Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa 2017 2017 Notification of Intent to Develop Shuma Africa Projects Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 - Grave Relocation Randgold Resources Limited Kriel, Mpumalanga 2017 - Heritage Impact Assessment Exxaro Coal Mpumalanga (Pty) Ltd Professional Registrations Position Professional Body Member Association for Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA); Registration Number 270 ASAPA Cultural Resources Management (CRM) section Member International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Member Society for Africanist Archaeologists (SAfA) N/A Member International Association of Impact Assessors (IAIA) South Africa 5494 7 14274 Publications Huffman, T.N. & du Piesanie, J.J. 2011. Khami and the Venda in the Mapungubwe Landscape. Journal of African Archaeology 9(2): 189-206 du Piesanie, J.J., 2017. Book Review: African Cultural Heritage Conservation and Management. South African Archaeological Bulletin 72(205) Digby Wells Environmental 7